Education

09/1989 - 07/1994 Ph.D. (Department of Psychology, Carleton University)

09/1985 - 07/1988 M.Sc. (Department of Psychology, Peking University)

09/1981 - 07/1985 B.Sc. (Department of Psychology, Peking University)

RESEARCH INTERESTS

My research is focused on developing a fuller understanding of the interaction between auditory processing and auditory sensory gating. Of particular interest are neural substrates in the auditory brainstem and forebrain that contribute to sound localization, prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, the precedence effect, and effects of auditory grouping on informational masking. The experiments are broadly based in neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, immunochemical, and psychophysical/behavioral techniques. For studies using animal subjects, electrophysiological works are often accomplished in whole animals and makes extensive use of single-unit and focal field potential recordings. Combinations of axonal tracing and immunochemical techniques are used to determine the functional connections of the neural circuits under studies. Computer-controlled automatic mazes are used to test visual and auditory discrimination performances. Current human projects involve the psychophysical studies on (1) the acoustic conditions that lead to fusion of sound gaps, (2) spatial release of acoustic informational (speech) masking, and (3) the role of acoustic flankers in attenuating the bounce-inducing effect. The advanced Tucker-Davis Technology System is used to create acoustic stimuli, run experimental procedures, and collect data. In addition to these projects on auditory processing and gating, my research extends to the limbic-cortical structures that contribute to startle modulation, emotional leaning, reversal learning, and motive-motor gating. I am also interested in animal models of schizophrenia. My research emphasizes the combination of the three complementary approaches: (1) establishing appropriate parallel human and animal psychophysical/behavioral models; (2) conducting comprehensive electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, immunochemical and even genetic experiments in animals, in research for multi-facet mechanisms; (3) building the theoretical models for conceptual explanation of the experimental discoveries."

<h4>List of Publications</h4>

<p>Ding, Y., Xu, N., Gao, Y.Y., Wu, Z.M., Li, L. (2019) The role of the deeper layers of the superior colliculus in attentional modulations of prepulse inhibition. <strong><em>Behavioural Brain Research</em></strong>, 364, 106-113. <a href="/docs/20190218104330535621.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, Y., Lu, H., Li, L. (2019). Human scalp evoked potentials related to the fusion between a sound source and its simulated reflection. <strong><em>PLoS ONE</em></strong>, 14(1): e0209173. </p>

<p>Hao, W., Wang, Q., Li, L., Qiao, Y., Gao, Z., Ni, D., Shang, Y. (2018). Effects of phase-locking deficits on speech recognition in older adults with presbycusis. <strong><em>Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience</em></strong>, 10, Article 397. </p>

<p>Wu, C., Zheng, Y., Li, J., She, S., Peng, H., Li, L. (2018). Cortical gray matter loss, augmented vulnerability to speech-on-speech masking, and delusion in people with schizophrenia. <strong><em>Frontiers in Psychiatry</em></strong>, in press.  <a href="/docs/20180706144023763822.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, Q., Lu, H., Wu, Z.-M., Li, L. (2018). Neural representation of&nbsp;interaural correlation in human auditory brainstem: comparisons between&nbsp;temporal-fine structure and envelope. <em><strong>Hearing Research</strong></em>, 365, 165-173.   <a href="/docs/20180703140912703801.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, M., Kong, L., Zhang, C., Wu, X., &amp; Li, L.&nbsp; (2018). Speaking rhythmically improves speech recognition under “cocktail-party” conditions.&nbsp;<strong><em>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em></strong>,143 (4), EL255-EL259.</p>

<p>Zheng, Y., Wu, C., Li, J., Li, R., Peng, H., She, S., Ning, Y., Li, L. (2018). Schizophrenia Alters Intra-Network Functional Connectivity in the Caudate for Detecting Speech under Informational Speech Masking Conditions. <strong><em>BMC Psychiatry</em></strong>, 18:90.</p>

<p>Lu, L.-X., Bao, X.-H., Chen, J., Qu, T.-S., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2018). Emotionally conditioning the target-speech voice enhances recognition of the target speech under “cocktail-party” listening conditions. <strong><em>Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics</em></strong>, 80 (4), 871-888. <a href="/docs/20180528092607427014.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Lei, M., Zhang, C.-X., Li, L. (2018). Neural correlates of perceptual separation-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition of startle in humans. <strong><em>Scientific Reports</em></strong>, 8, 472.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/data/2018/2/5a8e0b4cb46a737b.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, Q., Li, L. (2018)Differences between auditory frequency-following responses and onset responses: intracranial evidence from rat inferior colliculus. <em><strong>Hearing Research</strong></em>, 357, 25-32.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/data/2017/11/5a176ba15343351.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, Z. M., Yang, Z. G., Zhang, M. J., Bao, X. H., Han, F., &amp; Li, L. (2018).&nbsp;The Role of N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in the Prepulse Inhibition Paradigms for Studying Schizophrenia: Pharmacology, Neurodevelopment, and Genetics. <strong><em>Behavioural Pharmacology</em></strong> 29 (1), 13-27  <a href="/static/main/uploads/data/2018/2/5a8e0b2c61ed90ff.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Cui, Z., Wang, Q., Gao, Y.Y., Wang, J., Wang, M.Y., Teng, P.F., Guan, Y.G., Zhou, J., Li, T.F., Luan, G.M., Li, L. (2017). Dynamic correlations between intrinsic connectivity and extrinsic connectivity of the auditory cortex in humans. <strong><em>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience</em></strong>, &nbsp;doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00407</p>

<p>Luo, L., Wang, Q., and Li, L.&nbsp; (2017). Neural representations of concurrent sounds with overlapping spectra in rat inferior colliculus: comparisons between temporal-fine structure and envelope.&nbsp;<em><strong>Hearing Research</strong></em>, 353, 87-96.&nbsp; <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/59bf1174943d90ca.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Lu, L.-X., Zhang, C.-X., Li, L. (2017). Mental imagery of face enhances face-sensitive event-related potentials to ambiguous visual stimuli. <strong><em>Biological Psychology</em></strong>, 129, 16-24. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017081100001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, Q., Li, L. (2017). Modelling envelope and temporal fine structure components of frequency-following responses in rat inferior colliculus. <strong><em>SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences</em></strong>, 60(7),966-973. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017080900001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, J., Wu, C., Zheng, Y., Li, R., Li, X., She, S., Wu, H., Peng, H., Ning, Y., Li, L. (2017). Schizophrenia affects speech-induced functional connectivity of the superior temporal gyrus under cocktail-party listening conditions. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 359, 248-257. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017080600001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Yang, N.-B.; Tian, Q.; Fan, Y.; Bo, Q.-J., Zhang, L., Li, L., Wang, C.-Y. (2017). Deficits of perceived spatial separation induced prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: relationships to symptoms and neurocognition. <strong><em>BMC Psychiatry</em></strong>, 17 (1) 135-147.</p>

<p>Wu, C., Zheng, Y., Li, J., Zhang, B., Li, R., Wu, H., She, S., Liu, S., Peng, H., Ning, Y., Li, L. (2017). Activation and functional connectivity of the left inferior temporal gyrus during visual speech priming in healthy listeners and listeners with schizophrenia. <strong><em>Frontiers in Neuroscience</em></strong>, 11, 1-13. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017031700001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Gao, Y.-Y., Schneider, B.A., Li, L. (2017). The effects of the binocular disparity differences between targets and maskers on visual search. <strong><em>Attention, Perception, &amp; Psychophysics</em></strong>, 79 (2), 459-472. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017032200001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Gao, Y.-Y., Wang, Q., Ding, Y., Wang, C.-M., Li H.-F., Wu, X.-H., Qu, T.-S., Li, L. (2017). Selective attention enhances beta band cortical oscillation to speech under “cocktail party” listening conditions. <strong><em>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience</em></strong>,11, 1-10. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017032200003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, C., Zheng, Y., Li, J., Wu, H., She, S., Liu, S., Ning, Y., Li, L. (2017). Brain substrates underlying auditory speech priming in healthy listeners and listeners with schizophrenia. <strong><em>Psychological Medicine</em></strong>, 47(5), 837-852. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2017032200002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, Z.-M., Ding, Y., Jia, H.-X., Li, L. (2016). Different effects of isolation-rearing and neonatal mk-801 treatment on attentional modulations of prepulse inhibition of startle in rats. <strong><em>Psychopharmacology</em></strong>, 233(17), 3089-3102. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016091200001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Liu, Z.-L., Wang, Q., You, Y., Yin, P., Ding, H., Bao, X.H., Yang, P.-C., Lu, H., Gao, Y.-Y., Li, L. (2016). The role of the temporal pole in modulating primitive auditory memory. <strong><em>Neuroscience Letters</em></strong>, 619, 196-202. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016051100001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Zheng, Y., Wu, C., Li, J., Wu, H., She, S., Liu, S., Wu, H., Mao, L., Ning, Y., and Li, L. (2016) Brain substrates of perceived spatial separation between speech sources under simulated reverberant listening conditions in schizophrenia.<strong><em>Psychological Medicine</em></strong>, 46, 477-491.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015122400001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Zhang, J., Luo, H., Pace, H., Li, L., Li, Liu, B. (2016) Psychophysical and neural correlates of noised-induced tinnitus in animals: intra- and inter-auditory and non-auditory brain structure studies. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 334, 7-19. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016051100002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Zhang, C., Arnott S. R., Rabaglia, C., Avivi-Reich, M., Qi, J., Wu, X., Li, L., Schneider, B. (2016) Attentional modulation of informational masking on early cortical representations of speech signals. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 331, 119-130.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015121600002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, Q., Li, L. (2015) Auditory midbrain representation of a break in interaural correlation. (2015). <strong><em>Journal of Neurophysiology</em></strong>, 114: 2353-2367.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015121600001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Kong, L.Z., Xie, Z.L., Lu, L.X., Qu, T.S., Wu, X.H., Yan, J. and Li, L. (2015). Similar impacts of the interaural delay and interaural correlation on binaural gap detection. <strong><em>PLOS ONE</em></strong>, 10(6): e0126342. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126342. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015082500007.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., He, Y., Arnott, S.R., Ross, B., Wu, X.-H., Li, L., Alain, C. (2015). Rapid tuning of auditory “what” and “where” pathways by training. <strong><em>Cerebral Cortex</em></strong>, 25, 496-506. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015022600001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Yu, B., Wang, X.-D., Ma, L., Li, L., Li, H.-F. (2015) The complex pre-execution stage of auditory cognitive control: ERPs evidence from stroop tasks.<strong><em>PLoS ONE</em></strong>, 10(9): 0137674. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137649. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016021100001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Ezzatian, P.; Pichora-Fuller, K.; Li, Li., Schneider, B.A. (2015). Delayed stream segregation in older adults: More than just informational masking. <strong><em>Ear and Hearing</em></strong>, 36, 482-484.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015082600001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Kong, L.-Z, Xiong, C., Li, L., and Yan, J. (2014). Frequency-specific corticofugal modulation of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in mice. <strong><em>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</em></strong>, 8(125), 1-7.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015041300004.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Zhang, C.-X., Lu, L.-X., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2014). Attentional modulation of the early cortical representation of speech signals in informational or energetic masking. <strong><em>Brain and Language</em></strong>, 135, 85-95.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015082500006.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Lei, M., Luo, L., Qu, T.-S., Jia, H.-X., Li, L. (2014). Perceived location specificity in perceptual separation-induced but not fear conditioning-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in rats. <strong><em>Behavioural Brain Research</em></strong>, 269, 87–94.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2014051200001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Gao, Y.-Y., Cao, S.-Y., Qu, T.-S., Wu, X.-H., Li, H.-F., Zhang, J.-S., Li, L. (2014). Voice-associated static face image releases speech from informational masking. <strong><em>PsyCh Journal</em></strong>, 3, 113-120.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015082500005.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, Z.-M., Chen, M.-L., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2014). Interaction between auditory system and motor system in speech perception. <strong><em>Neuroscience Bulletin</em></strong>, 30(3): 490–496.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015082500004.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, H.-H., Kong, L.-Z., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2013). Primitive auditory memory is correlated with spatial unmasking that is based on direct-reflection integration. <strong><em>PLoS ONE</em></strong>, 8 (4) e63106.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2013043000002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Qu, T.-S., Cao, S.-Y., Chen, X., Huang, Y., Li, L., Wu, X.-H., Schneider, B.A. (2013). Aging effects on detection of spectral changes induced by a break in sound correlation. <strong><em>Ear and Hearing</em></strong>, 34, 280-287.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2013051500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, C., Cao, S.-Y., Zhou, Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2013a). Temporally pre-presented lipreading cues release speech from informational masking. <strong><em>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em></strong>, 133, EL281-EL285.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2013043000001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, C., Li, H.-H., Tian, Q., Wu, X.-H., Wang, C.-Y., Li, L.(2013b). Disappearance of the unmasking effect of temporally pre-presented lipreading cues on speech recognition in people with chronic schizophrenia. <strong><em>Schizophrenia Research</em></strong>, 150, 594-595.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2014042500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2012). Perceived target-masker separation unmasks responses of lateral amygdala to the emotionally conditioned target sounds in awake rats. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 225, 249-257.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2012102500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Kong, L.-Z., Xie, Z.-L., Lu, L.-X., Wu, X.-H., and Li, L. (2012). Sensitivity to a break in interaural correlation is co-modulated by intensity level and interaural delay. <strong><em>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em></strong>, 132, EL114-EL118.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2012071700001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Chen, J., Li, H.-H., Li, L., Wu, X.-H., Moore, B. (2012). Informational masking of speech produced by speech-like sounds without linguistic content. <strong><em>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em></strong>, 131, 2914-2926.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2015082500002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, C., Cao, S.-Y., Zhou, F.-C., Wang, C.-Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2012a). Masking of speech in people with first-episode schizophrenia and people with chronic schizophrenia. <strong><em>Schizophrenia Research</em></strong>, 134, 33-41.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011122000001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, M.-H., Li, H.-H., Hong, Z.-L., Xian, X.-C., Li, J.-Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2012b). Effects of aging on the ability to benefit from prior knowledge of message content in masked speech recognition. <strong><em>Speech Communication</em></strong>, 54, 529–542.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2012020400001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, M.-H., Li, H.-H., Gao, Y.-Y., Lei, M., Teng, X.-B., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2012c), Adding irrelevant information to the content prime reduces the prime-induced unmasking effect on speech recognition. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 283, 136-143.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2012071700002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, X.-H., Yang, Z.-G., Huang, Y., Chen, J., Li, L., Daneman, M., Schneider, B.A.(2012d) Cross-language differences in informational masking of speech by speech: English versus Mandarin Chinese. <strong><em>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</em></strong>, 54, 1506-1524.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2012020500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Ezzatian, P., Li, L., Pichora-Fuller, K., Schneider, B. (2012). The effect of energetic and informational masking on the time-course of stream segregation: Evidence that streaming depends on vocal fine structure cues. <strong><em>Language and Cognitive Processes</em></strong>, 27, 1056-1088.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016021200001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, J.-H., Chen, Y.-M., Carlson, S., Li, L., Hu, X.-T., Ma, Y.-Y. (2012). Interactive effects of morphine and scopolamine, MK-801, propanolol on spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys. <strong><em>Neuroscience Letters</em></strong>, 523, 119-124.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016021200002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2011a) Differentially organized top-down modulation of prepulse inhibition of startle, <strong><em>Journal of Neuroscience</em></strong>, 31 13644-13653.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011092300002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Kong, L.-Z., Wang, Q., Wu, X.-H., and Li, L. (2011b). Auditory frequency-following response: a neurophysiological measure for studying the “cocktail-party problem”. <strong><em>Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews</em></strong>, 35, 2046-2057.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011101200001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., He, Y., Ross, B., Bardouille, T., Wu, X.-H., Li, L., Alain, C. (2011c). Human auditory cortex activity shows additive effects of spectral and spatial cues during speech segregation. <strong><em>Cerebral Cortex</em></strong>, 21, 698-707.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011022100001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, Y., Li, J.-Y., Zou, X.-F., Qu, T.-S., Wu, X.-H., Mao, L.-H., Wu, Y.-H., Li, L. (2011). Perceptual fusion tendency of speech sounds. <strong><em>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</em></strong>, 23, 1003-1014.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011012500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, M.-Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L., and Schneider, B. (2011). The effects of age and interaural delay on detecting a change in interaural correlation: The role of temporal jitter. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 275, 139-149.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011052000001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Cao, S.-Y., Li, L., and Wu, X.-H. (2011). Improvement of intelligibility of ideal binary-masked noisy speech by adding background noise. <strong><em>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em></strong>, 129, 2227-2236.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011050500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Ezzatian, P., Li, L., Pichora-Fuller, K., Schneider, B. (2011). The effect of priming on release from informational masking is equivalent for younger and older adults. <strong><em>Ear and Hearing</em></strong>, 32, 84-96.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011012500004.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Yan, J. and Li, L. (2011). An overview of the neural circuitry for sound processing (Editorial). <strong><em>Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews</em></strong>, 35, 2045.</p>

<p>Huang, Y., Xu, L.-J., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2010). The effect of voice cuing on releasing speech from informational masking disappears in older adults. <strong><em>Ear and Hearing</em></strong>, 31, 579–583.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011012500002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2010). Emotional learning enhances stimulus-specific top-down modulation of sensorimotor gating in socially reared rats but not isolation-reared rats. <strong><em>Behavioural Brain Research</em></strong>, 206, 192-201.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2011012500003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, Y., Huang, Q., Chen, X., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2009a). Transient auditory storage of acoustic details is associated with release of speech from informational masking in reverberant conditions. <strong><em>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance</em></strong>, 35, 1618-1628.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2010070800001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2009b). Detection of the break in interaural correlation is affected by interaural delay, aging, and center frequency. <strong><em>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em></strong>, 126, 300-309.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009072200001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L., Huang, J., Wu, X.-H., Qi, J.G., Schneider, B. (2009a). The effects of aging and interaural delay on the detection of a break in the interaural correlation between two sounds. <strong><em>Ear and Hearing</em></strong>, 30, 273-286.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800011.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L., Du, Y., Li, N.-X., Wu, X.-H., Wu, Y.-H. (2009b). Top-down modulation of prepulse inhibition the startle reflex in humans and rats. <strong><em>Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews</em></strong>, 33, 1157-1167.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009091800001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L., Yan, J. (2009c). The First International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Science in China (Editorial). <strong><em>Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews</em></strong>, 33, 1155-1156.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2010070800003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Huang, Q., Wu, X.-H., Galbraith, G.C., Li, L. (2009a). Binaural unmasking of frequency-following responses in rat amygdala. <strong><em>Journal of Neurophysiology</em></strong>, 101, 1647-1659.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Ma, T.-F., Wang, Q., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2009b). Two crossed axonal projections contribute to binaural unmasking of frequency-following responses in rat inferior colliculus. <strong><em>European Journal of Neuroscience</em></strong>, 30, 1779-1789.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2010070800002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Li, J.-Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2009c). Precedence effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats. <strong><em>Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience</em></strong>, 9, 44-58.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Chen, J., Wu, X.-H., Li, L., Chi, H.-S. (2009). Simulated phase-locking stimulation: An improved speech processing strategy for cochlear implant. <strong><em>Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and its Related Specialties</em></strong>, 71, 221-227.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2016021200003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, Y., Kong, L.-Z., Fan, S.-L., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2008a). Both frequency and interaural delay affect event-related potential responses to binaural gap. <strong><em>NeuroReport</em></strong>, 19, 1673-1678. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800010.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, Y., Huang, Q., Chen, X., Qu, T.-S., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2008b). Perceptual integration between target speech and target-speech reflection reduces masking for target-speech recognition in younger adults and older adults. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 244, 51-65.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800009.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Ping, J.-L. Li, N.-X., Galbraith, G. C., Wu, X.-H. Li, L. (2008). Auditory frequency-following responses in rat ipsilateral inferior colliculus. <strong><em>NeuroReport</em></strong>, 19, 1377-1380.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800008.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wang, W.-J., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2008). The dual-pathway model of auditory signal processing. Neuroscience Bulletin, 24, 173-182. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800007.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li , N.-X., Ping , J.-L., Wu , R.-B., Wang , C., Wu , X.-H., Li, L. (2008). Auditory fear conditioning modulates prepulse inhibition in socially-reared rats and isolation-reared rats. <strong><em>Behavioral Neuroscience</em></strong>, 122, 107-118.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800006.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Zheng, J.-W., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2008). Metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 5 are necessary for the enhancement of auditory evoked potentials in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by tetanic stimulation of the auditory thalamus. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 152, 254-264. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009052800005.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Kong, L.Z., Wu, X.-H., Li, Li. (2008). The role of hippocampus in the context-specific extinction of cue fear. <strong><em>Neural Regeneration Research</em></strong>, 12, 1386-1390.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2012032000001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Yang, Z.-G., Chen, J., Huang, Q., Wu, X.-H., Wu, Y.-H., Schneider, B.A., Li, L. (2007). The effect of voice cuing on releasing Chinese speech from informational masking. <strong><em>Speech Communication</em></strong>, 49, 892-904.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500006.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Du, Y., Ping, J.-L., Li, N.-X., Wu, X.-H., Li, L., Galbraith, G. (2007). Ultrasonic auditory evoked response recorded in the rat’s cochlear nucleus. <strong><em>Brain Research</em></strong>, 1172, 40-47.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Schneider, B.A., Li, L., Daneman, M. (2007). How competing speech interferes with speech comprehension in everyday listening situations. <strong><em>Journal of the American Academy of Audiology</em></strong>, 18, 559-572.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500005.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, X.-H., Chen, J., Yang, Z.-G., Huang, Q., Wang, M.-Y., Li, L. (2007). Effect of number of masking talkers on speech-on-speech masking in Chinese. <strong><em>Interspeech</em></strong>, 390-393.</p>

<p>Ping, J.-L., Li, N.-X., Du, Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L., Galbraith, G. (2007). Auditory evoked responses in the rat: transverse subdermal electrodes register before cochlear nucleus and do not reflect later inferior colliculus activity. <strong><em>Journal of Neuroscience Methods</em></strong>, 161, 11-16.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500004.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, N.-X., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2007). Chronic administration of clozapine alleviates reversal learning impairment in isolation reared rats. <strong><em>Behavioural Pharmacology</em></strong>, 18, 135-145.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Zou, D., Huang, J., Wu, X.-H., and Li, L. (2007). Metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptors modulate fear-conditioning induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in rats. <strong><em>Neuropharmacology</em></strong>, 52, 476-486.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500007.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, J., Yang, Z.-G., Ping, J.-L., Liu, X., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2007). The influence of the perceptual or fear learning on rats’prepulse inhibition induced by changes in the correlation between two spatially separated noise sounds. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 223, 1-10.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009060500002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Yeomans, J.S., Lee, J., Yeomans, M.H., Steidl, S., and Li, L. (2006). Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibition and startle activation in rat. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 142, 921-929.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009061400006.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, N.-X., Ping, J.-L., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2006). Neurodevelopmental animal models of Schizophrenia, <strong><em>Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation</em></strong>, 10, 154-157.</p>

<p>Du, Y., Wu, X.-H., Li, L. (2006). Mechanisms of bacterial meningitis-related deafness. <strong><em>Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms</em></strong>, 3, 115-118.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009061400001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Huang, J., Xihong Wu, X.-H., John Yeomans, J.S., and Li, L. (2005). Opposite effects of tetanic stimulation of the auditory thalamus or auditory cortex on the acoustic startle reflex in awake rats. <strong><em>European Journal of Neuroscience</em></strong>, 21, 1943-1956.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009061400003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>He, S.-C., Huang, J., Wu, X.-H., and Li, L. (2005). Glutamate and GABAB transmissions in lateral amygdala are involved in startle-like EMG potentiation caused by activation of auditory thalamus. <strong><em>Neuroscience Letters</em></strong>, 374, 113-118.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009061400002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L., Qi, J.G., He, Y., Alain, C., and Schneider, B. (2005). Attribute capture in the precedence effect for long-duration noise sounds. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 202, 235-247.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009061400004.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Wu, X-H, Wang, C., Chen, J., Qu, H-W, Li, W-R, Wu, Y-H, Schneider, B.A, and Li, L. (2005). The effect of perceived spatial separation on informational masking of Chinese speech. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 199, 1-10.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009061400005.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L., Daneman, M., Qi, J.G., and Schneider, B. A. (2004). Does the information content of an irrelevant source differentially affect speech recognition in younger and older adults? <strong><em>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance</em></strong>, 30, 1077-1091.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009070600005.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Chen, J., Wang, C., Qu, H.-W., Li, W.-R., Wu, Y.-H., Wu, X.-H., Schneider, B.A, and Li, L. (2004). Perceived spatial separation induced by the precedence effect releases Chinese speech from informational masking. <strong><em>Canadian Acoustics</em></strong>, 32, 186-187.</p>

<p>Steidl, S., Faerman, P., Li, L. and Yeomans J.S. (2004). Kynurenate in the pontine reticular formation inhibits acoustic and trigeminal nucleus-evoked startle, but not vestibular nucleus-evoked startle. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 126, 127-136.</p>

<p>Jiang, M.-L., Han, T.-Z., Pang, W., Li, L. (2004). Gender- and age-specific impairment of rats' performance in Morris water maze following prenatal exposure to the MRI magnetic field. <strong><em>Brain Research</em></strong>, 995, 140-144.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009070600004.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L., and Shao, F. (2003). Impaired sensorimotor gating: An animal model of schizophrenia. <strong><em>Chinese Science Bulletin</em></strong>, 48, 2031-2037.</p>

<p>Yeomans, J.S., Li, L., Scott, B.W., and Frankland, P.W. (2002). Tactile, acoustic and vestibular systems sum to elicit the startle reflex. <strong><em>Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews</em></strong>, 26, 1-11. <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009070600003.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Lin, C-M, Wan, X., Zhao, W., Ma, C., Ma, C-F, Gao, Y., Zhou, Y., Yeomans, J.S., and Li, L. (2002). Enhancement of electrically evoked startle-like responses by tetanic stimulation of the superior colliculus. <strong><em>NeuroReport</em></strong>, 13, 1769-1773.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009070600002.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Li, L. and Yue, Q. (2002). Auditory gating processes and binaural inhibition in the inferior colliculus. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 168, 113-124.  <a href="/static/main/uploads/faculty/li_liang/2009070600001.pdf" target="_blank" aria-label="Open File"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p>

<p>Fendt, M., Li, L., and Yeomans, J.S. (2001). Brainstem circuits mediating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. <strong><em>Psychopharmacology</em></strong>, 156, 216-224.</p>

<p>Steidl, S., Li, L., and Yeomans, J.S. (2001) Conditioned brain-stimulation reward attenuates the acoustic startle reflex in rats. <strong><em>Behavioral Neuroscience</em></strong>, 115, 710-717.</p>

<p>Li, L., Steidl, S., and Yeomans, J.S. (2001). Contributions of the vestibular nucleus and vestibulospinal tract to the startle reflex. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 106, 811-821.</p>

<p>Li, L. and Yeomans, J.S. (2000). Using intracranial electrical stimulation to study the timing of prepulse inhibition. <strong><em>Brain Research Protocols</em></strong>, 5, 67-74.</p>

<p>Li, L. and Frost, B.J. (2000). Azimuthal directional sensitivity of prepulse inhibition of the pinna startle reflex in decerebrate rats. <strong><em>Brain Research Bulletin</em></strong>, 51, 95-100.</p>

<p>Scott, B.W., Frankland, P.W., Li, L., and Yeomans, J.S. (1999). Cochlear and trigeminal systems contributing to the startle reflex in rats. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 91, 1565-1574.</p>

<p>Li, L., Fulton, J.D., and Yeomans, J.S. (1999). Effects of bilateral electrical stimulation of the ventral pallidum on acoustic startle. <strong><em>Brain Research</em></strong>, 836, 164-172.</p>

<p>Li, L., and Yeomans, J.S. (1999). Summation between acoustic and trigeminal stimuli evoking startle. <strong><em>Neuroscience</em></strong>, 90, 139-152.</p>

<p>Li, L. and Shao, J. (1998). Restricted lesions to ventral prefrontal subareas block reversal learning but not visual discrimination learning in rats. <strong><em>Physiology and Behavior</em></strong>, 65, 371-379.</p>

<p>Li, L., Korngut, L.M., Frost, B.J., and Beninger, R.J. (1998). Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferior colliculus: prepulse intensity functions. <strong><em>Physiology and Behavior</em></strong>, 65, 133-139.</p>

<p>Zhang, D.X., Li, L., Wu, S.H., and Kelly, J.B. (1998). GABAergic projection from the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus of the rat. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 117, 1-12.</p>

<p>Li, L., Priebe, R.P.M., and Yeomans, J.S. (1998). Prepulse inhibition of acoustic or trigeminal startle of rats by unilateral electrical stimulation of the inferior colliculus. <strong><em>Behavioral Neuroscience</em></strong>, 112, 1187-1198.</p>

<p>Kelly, J.B. and Li, L. (1997). Two sources of inhibition affecting binaural evoked responses In the rat's inferior colliculus: The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the superior olivary complex. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 104, 112-126.</p>

<p>Li, L. and Frost, B.J. (1996). Azimuthal sensitivity of rat pinna reflex: EMG recordings from cervicoauricular muscles. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 100, 192-200.</p>

<p>Kelly, J.B., Li, L., and Van Adel, B. (1996). Midline sound localization after kainic acid lesions of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in albino rats. <strong><em>Behavioral Neuroscience</em></strong>, 110, 1445-1455.</p>

<p>Li, L. and Kelly, J.B. (1992). Binaural responses in rat inferior colliculus following kainic acid lesions of the superior olive: Interaural intensity difference functions. <strong><em>Hearing Research</em></strong>, 61, 73-85.</p>

<p>Li, L. and Kelly, J.B. (1992). Inhibitory influence of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus on binaural responses in the rat’s inferior colliculus. <strong><em>Journal of Neuroscience</em></strong>, 12, 4530-4539.</p>